Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself by Harriet Essay

Occurrences in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written without anyone else by Harriet Jacobs - Essay Example To assist us with getting this, we will handle three subjects; how bondage is more harming to ladies than men, life in the North after the getaway of Jacobs and how subjugation subverted families in the south. Q1 Harriet Jacobs composed a story about existence as slave and the difficulties that she needed to understanding. The story uncovered the real and psychological mistreatments a female needs to suffer when she is a slave. The story shows how ladies experienced horrendous and damaging fierceness of subjugation than their male partners. Jacobs like numerous other slave ladies were explicitly hassled by their white experts. As per the story, Jacobs was explicitly prodded and controlled by Mr. Stone her lord. Dr. Rock would normally advise her that she was her property and that he could also do anything he desired with her. This made Jacob’s life to be awkward and dreadful. Dr. Rock would meet Jacobs every step of the way, and advise her that she had a place with him, and de pend on paradise and earth that one day, she will cause her to consent to her headways. The circumstance was damaging to such an extent that Jacobs could hear Dr. Flint’s strides when she was unwinding in the wake of a difficult day of work. At whatever point Jacobs would visit her mother’s grave, she would see a dull shadow of Dr. Stone after her. Life was so frightful for slave ladies that sexual abuse was a day by day undertaking for them. Jacob and other female slaves were mentally mishandled and baffled. They were exposed to harsh customs that were believed to be socially right. For example, for a female slave to be considered a woman in the south, there were brutal conditions that they needed to stand. This caused Jacobs to be spooky by the loss of her guiltlessness when she was a child. White females were required to keep themselves unadulterated, and their homes were ensured by the law and they had the opportunity of picking their accomplices. Female slaves on comparably, had no freedom to choose their accomplices, and it was difficult for them to safeguard themselves or to keep themselves unadulterated. Females were made to live hopelessly. Female slaves needed to bear the difficulties of parenthood in brutal conditions. Parenthood set an alternate encounter of ladies slaves from their male partners. Female slaves were exposed to a difficult circumstance whereby they are compelled to organize their exercises Jacobs needed to organize between being a slave and being a mother worried about the government assistance of her youngsters. After Jacobs had discovered that Dr. Stone needed to make her and her kids slaves, she faced the challenge of disappearing to spare the predetermination of her youngsters, in spite of knowing the outcomes that would happen to her in the event that she was gotten. Jacobs took a chance with her body and mind and lived in complete isolation all together for her youngsters to be free. Female slaves were responsibl e for their families more than the slave fathers. The job of slave fathers was very little critical as they were sold a long way from their families. Q3 Though the north is viewed as not supporting subjugation, segregation is extremely wild. Whites and fair looking blacks are dealt with uniquely in contrast to the blacks. Dark ladies shouldn't blend in with the whites in the North. Jacobs recalls a circumstance when she was the main dark house cleaner in a lodging and was unreasonably rewarded. She was indicated a seat in the inn where she plunked down, just for the server to come and advise her to sit the infant in the seat and to remain behind it on her feet. Jacob was advised to hold on to be indicated where she was to take her feast from, which ended up being the

Development of Strategic and Comparative bases over time

Improvement of Strategic and Comparative bases after some time Preparing to stun the world and applying scale is the place we center, we cannot consider only one bundle or one brand, we need to consider this huge portfolio and this huge framework that we work with Head servant, D. (2009), the Vice President Global structure, the Coca cola Company Presentation This report includes a short depiction of key and similar bit of leeway. It additionally includes various types of methodologies under taken by Coca Cola Company that have driven it to be one of universes showcase pioneers contrasted with other worldwide organizations. The key and similar bases of favorable position talked about based. The thing that will be looked is coca cola showcasing procedure that has been produced for a considerable length of time and dependent on circumstances. The showcasing technique will include publicizing, advertise division, Equity speculation and Branding. Despite the fact that these techniques appear to be basic in different organizations either neighborhood or worldwide, Coca-Cola Company actualizes them in an extraordinary manner. Watchwords: Strategy, similar preferred position, advertise fragment, Branding Definitions System System alludes to the formation of a one of a kind and significant position including an alternate arrangement of exercises (Porter, 1996) though similar preferred position now and again alludes to an area of explicit bit of leeway that impacts the choice of where to source and market (Kogut, 1985). A very much characterized definition and a short portrayal are characterized later after vital bit of leeway. Vital preferred position Vital preferred position happens when there is harmony between three components, when the brand, the customer and the market fit together in the most ideal manner conceivable (Xavier,M.J. 2003) Brand-purchaser fit is the degree that the brand esteems agree with the customers psychographic make-up. The psychographic components are estimated by the general scoring and weighting of brand execution as far as coordinating customer needs, inspirations, values, self-idea, and way of life. Brand - showcase fit is estimated by the degree that value falls into the buyers adequate value run, the to which the brand is padded against financial plan/exchange/circulation impact, the rank-request of significance of the item in the spending plan/shopping list lastly the straightforward entry of the item. Shopper showcase fit: There is a third fit relationship that happens, fit among purchaser and market. This includes the necessities and practices of customers under certain economic situations, for example, explicit value focuses. This connection between shopper drives and market powers regularly has direct impact on brand decision. For instance a brand may be considered as a decent decision to satisfy a specific need or conduct at a specific value that the buyer is set up to pay, while another brand probably won't be considered as a decent decision for explicit mix of need, conduct and value point. The organization sets techniques with the goal that it can beat opponents and it can just do that by building up a distinction in conveying incredible incentive to clients or by making similar qualities at a lower cost or do both. Conveying more noteworthy worth permits an organization to charge a high normal unit costs and proficiency results into lower normal unit costs. All contrasts between organizations in cost or cost is gotten from hundreds arrangements of exercises required to make, produce, sell and convey their items or administrations, for example, approaching clients, amassing last items and preparing representatives (Porter, 1996) Relative premise of bit of leeway Deardorff, A. (2003, p. 6) characterized Comparative Advantage as the general efficiency of a decent or administration in a nation that empowers that nation to send out it. All the more accurately, a nation has a near bit of leeway in the great whose cost without exchange (autarky), comparative with different products in a similar nation, is lower than the overall cost of that equivalent great on world markets. Ricardian Model expresses that nations have near favorable position in merchandise whose work cost, comparative with different products in a similar nation, is lower than the relative work cost of that great abroad. Accordingly nations are said to have similar favorable position in a decent if its work prerequisites are comparative with the work necessity abroad. Ricardian model frameworks two hypothetical ramifications of Comparative Advantage and these are: right off the bat on the off chance that nations are allowed to exchange openly, at that point they are undistorted markets and serious, they will send out the great or products wherein they have similar bit of leeway and import those in which they have near drawback, also under similar conditions, all nations will pick up from exchange, as in those people who gain from exchange inside every nation will increase enough that they might completely remunerate those people who lose, inside a similar nation, and still stay happier than in autarky(Deardolff,2003). Business review Coca-Cola is the biggest maker, wholesaler and advertiser of concentrated syrup which is utilized for the creation of non-mixed drinks. The organization has a range of activities covering more than 200 nations since its beginning in 1886. It has a yearly net gain of 6.8 billion and utilizes the administrations of around 92,400 partners all through its tasks around the world (Coca-Cola yearly report, 2009). Promoting Publicizing can be characterized as any paid type of non-individual introduction and advancement of thoughts, products or administrations through broad communications, for example, papers, magazines, TV or radio by a recognized support (Kotler et al, 2008 p.737). Publicizing is a functional method of illuminating and influence just as a methods for invigorating reaction from an intended interest group. The reaction could be perceptual where the buyer creates, accepts or sees about the item or it could be social where the purchaser buys the item or builds his acquisition of the item being referred to (Kotler et al, 2008). Promoting is a procedure which offers data to people in general about the item. It is influential, controlled, and recognizable just as impacts the intended interest group. The essential target of publicizing is to expand deals volume and benefit. We will take a gander at a few sorts of publicizing which runs connected at the hip with the promoting goals. Useful publicizing shows up at the beginning times of a specific item and is intended to build up the essential interest of the clients. Enticing promoting is appropriate at the serious stage where a specific interest is worked for a specific classification of item (Kummer and Mittar, 2008). Examination publicizing is utilized to build up the prevalence of a specific brand using assessment with at least one different brands in the product offering. Update publicizing is utilized to invigorate the memory of the buyer with respect to messages, thoughts and so on of a specific item. Fortification promoting is utilized to guarantee the present purchasers that they settled on the correct decision with respect to their choice to purchase the item. The promoting target ought not be subjective however ought to be created after an exhaustive assessment of the present market circumstance (Kummer and Mittar, 2008). Coca Cola promoting Publicizing is a significant component of the advancement blend. Individual selling, deals advancement, exposure and publicizing are the four components of the advancement blend. Publicizing has been thought of as the best technique for advancement since it invigorates deals, makes request and arrives at client rapidly and successfully (Kummer and Mittar, 2008). Coca-Cola has throughout the years combined its administration position as the universes generally celebrated and biggest refreshment organization with immense interests in promoting focused at its current and potential purchasers around the world. Coca-Cola works in organization with driving promoting offices and statistical surveying foundations the world over to create powerful publicizing efforts that complies with current patterns in data innovation like the utilization of web based mediums like face book and twitter to associate with innovation adoring objective crowd (Coca-Cola yearly report, 2009). The effective publicizing methodologies utilized by Coca-Cola throughout the years in their activities will be dissected.( Wieden and Kennedy,1996 ) a promoting organization that worked in association with Coca-Cola for the 1996 summer Olympics in Atlanta Georgia thought of four fundamental promoting techniques intended for Coca-Cola for the late spring games in particular: a locally situated procedure, a fan based system, a worldwide development methodology and the Olympic light transfer. The locally established technique utilized by coke was principally because of the way that Atlanta is the principle central command of Coca-Cola thus individuals in Atlanta would promptly relate to the brand since they are well acquainted with it. Coca-Cola propelled a few ads for the games which incorporate introducing 70 new boards, a few road shaft standards and signs in 9 Marta stations (the citys open transportation framework). Coca-Cola made an amusement park known as the Coca-Cola Olympic city with innumerable distinctive coke notices including a 165 feet coke bottle in the trot of the recreation center (Wieden and Kennedy, 1996). The companys signature shading red was the primary shading seen all through the Coca-Cola Olympic city. Coca-Cola digressed from the customary act of utilizing competitors for promoting for the games to concentrate rather on a fan-based procedure where plugs, print commercials and banners where used to exhibit the distinction made to the result of the games by the excitement of the fans. Coca-Cola utilized the games as a worldwide development methodology used to focus on the overall crowd tuned in for the games. Coca-Cola additionally utilized one of the most effective procedures for picking up introduction in promoting history which is the supporting of the 1996 Atlanta Olympic light hand-off (Wieden and Kennedy, 1996). The effect of Coca-colas ads during the Olympics was tremendous to such an extent that individuals d

8 Trans Authors To Be Aware Of For Trans Awareness Month

8 Trans Authors To Be Aware Of For Trans Awareness Month This post is sponsored by Balls by Chris Edwards. Changing your gender from female to male takes balls. And if youre going to do it in front of 500 coworkers at one of the top ad agencies in the country, you better have a pretty big set!??At a time when the term transgender didnt really exist, Chris Edwards endured 28 surgeries to become the man he always knew he was meant to be. Chris is a pioneer who changed the perception of an entire community, and his memoir, BALLS, will touch readers hearts and open their minds. Happy Trans Awareness Month! We exist! Some of us write books! For someone who writes quite a few recommendation lists, I always find them difficult to writeparticularly when Im talking about trans writers. The issue isnt always what I write for these listsits often what I  dont  write: there simply isnt enough time for me to include every title, author, or even biographical details, that I want to and I always end up trying to cram too many items so that I dont have to leave anything out. Eventually Im forced to  create arbitrary limits  just to make sure that I eventually make my deadline. This list, like all my lists, is not a definitive guide to The Eight Trans Authors You MUST Know (I think those lists are silly) but  can be thought of as a sampling of the authors that I find particularly captivating or relevant for one reason or another. Did your favorite author not make the list? Comment below! Share with the group! (After all, they probably were on my original behemoth of a list.) Brew by Dane Figueroa Edidi Dane Figueroa Edidi â€" Edidi is one of those artists where you find yourself wondering if she somehow has more hours in her day than you. Her biography is far too long to do true justice to here but, in brief, Edidi is an African, Cuban, Indigenous, American trans woman performer, writer, priestess, and activist who is based out of Baltimore. Edidi’s work includes speculative fiction set in a world of Black trans women living with mystical and holy powers (Keeper, Wither Remains: A Gathering of Bones, Yemaya’s Daughters, Brew) and a book of poems dedicated to her home (Baltimore: A Love Letter). She is also the Director of Global Initiatives for the Trans Women of Color Collective. Esdras Parra â€" I’m indebted to Jamie Berrout for drawing my attention to Venezuelan poet, writer, and activist, Esdras Parra. Parra’s body of writing spanned genres and forms, from film criticism to poetry, and while it continues to be well-regarded today, twelve-years after her death, it can be difficult to find her work outside of Venezuela. Berrout, a talented writer, essayist, and poet herself, translated Antigüedad del frío (To Be Human Once More), a collection of Parra’s poetry originally published in 1997, and has been working to share the legacy of Esdras Parra. Everett Maroon â€" After his memoir, Bumbling into Body Hair, Moon began work on the young adult novel, The Unintentional Time Traveler (which, depending on which rubric you use, may have been the first YA novel written by a trans author and featuring a trans protagonist.) When Jack Bishop’s parents take him to a new doctor for an experimental treatment (all he’s looking for is an end to the seizures that control his daily life) what he gets is a vivid hallucination of life as Jacqueline, a girl his own age in rural America at the start of the 20th century. As he continues to snap between Jack and Jacqueline he begins to realize that the world of Jacqueline is just as real as Jack’s. (On a side-note- the ebook is available for just $5 on Amazon right now, so you know, that’s pretty handy…) Imogen Binnie â€" If you’ve read just one novel by a trans author there’s a good chance that book was Nevada, nominated for the 2014 Lambda Award for Trans Fiction. Often conversations about Nevada quickly turn into conversations about literary canon and how important it is for trans girls who came out after reading it (or so I hear, cause, uh, I definitely “didn’t” do that), while these conversations can be relevant in certain contexts, right now I’d like to focus on the fact that Imogen Binnie is a very good writer and Nevada is a damn good novel. Binnie’s punk, fucked-up, bleak, hilarious story is tightly crafted, prioritizing the characters and plot instead of trying to deliver a grand moralizing take on the Trans Experience. jia qing wilson-yang â€" Set in the areas of Ontario, Canada, Small Beauty is an exploration of the Chinese diaspora in Canada and the impact of identity for a young Chinese-Canadian trans woman. In a biography posted on her publisher’s website wilson-yang describes a desire to tell a story of a trans woman that doesn’t focus on her transition but instead allows the protagonist to have her own narrative and identity outside of our often-sensationalized transitions. I was already planning on picking up a copy of Small Beauty just from the positive reviews I kept hearing but seeing an author articulate exactly what I hope for when reading a “trans novel” only made me all the more determined. KOKUM? When an author’s backcover biography includes the sentences “KOKUM? is the thought leader responsible for influencing the very framework of the modern-day trans movement. Yes! She’s you fav’rite advocates, fav’rite advocate.” then that’s a sign to sit up and take notice. KOKUM? has a long, respected history as an activist and performance artist based in Chicago and I’m excited for the opportunity that Reacquainted with Life provides to bring her work to readers who might not already be familiar with it. Reacquainted with Life is her first book, bringing together heart-pounding, devastating, gorgeous, chilling poems that all speak from her experiences as a Black, fat, femme trans woman living in America. Lilith Latini â€" Lilith Latini’s debut poetry collection, Improvise, Girl, Improvise, holds a special place in my heart, not just as one of my favorite books of poetry, but as one of the first reviews that I wrote for Book Riot back in the summer of 2015. In that review I wrote that Improvise “smashed open the top of my skull and left me reeling in its wake of sequins and sex and gold lamé and emotional gut punches.” Nearly a year and a half later and when I reread Improvise, or in fact just think about it, this book still smashes me open. Her poems are short stories of trans women just living their lives however they can. From these lives, she draws out fragments to show us moments of tenderness, fear, sex, joy, and so much more. Ryka Aoki â€" The other day I received a message from a friend, “I got Rykas poetry books and I cant read them in public because after a couple stanzas I invariably start crying, and although I’m personally immune to any semblance of emotional expression, I completely understood. Aoki writes in these gorgeous, flowing motions that sound so natural I am entirely convinced and captivated by her work. Her novel, He Mele a Hilo, was one of my favorite books I read in 2015 and has become one of the standards that I now hold anything I read up against. A story made of interwoven lives, He Mele a Hilo uses the characters’ Hawaiian Pidgin English to bring us into a tiny community on the big island of Hawai’i as they navigate relationships and questions of identity while a magical presence begins to turn everything on its head. Concepts of identity, relationships, and community also play out in her two poetry collections: Seasonal Velocities and Why Dust Shall Never Settle Upon This S oul. I was fortunate enough to hear Aoki read at the University of Massachusetts Amherst earlier this year and I walked away from it with an even deeper appreciation for her presence, both as a performer and as a member of literary communities, and particularly for her challenge of how we determine which work gets the label of “Trans Literature.”

The Relationship Between Corruption And Human Trafficking

TO WHAT EXTENT DOES CORRUPTION FACILITATE CRIMINAL GROUPS, SPECIFICALLY IN EASTERN EUROPE WHEN PURSUING TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES SUCH AS HUMAN TRAFFICKING (THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORRUPTION AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING) By Student’s Name Code + Course Name Professor’s Name University Name City, State Date Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 4 2. 0 Literature Review 5 2.1 Introducion to the Theoretical framework 5 2.2.1 Corruption 6 3. 0 Human Trafficking in the European region 8 3.1 Human Trafficking 8 3.3.1 Fundamentals of human trafficking 9 3.2 Movement and Trafficking Flows of People across borders in the European region 9 4.0 Use of Corruption in Relation to Human Trafficking 12 4.1 What is corruption 12 4.2 Border Control†¦show more content†¦1.0 Introduction Trafficking of persons is the illegal practice of procuring human beings for unpaid work, slavery and or other forms of exploitations in physically abusive settings and locations from which they are not allowed to leave and return to their countries of residence (Danailova-Trainor, 2010). Trafficking of persons is a criminal activity as it deprives the victims of their fundamental human rights and their human dignity. The trafficking is done across the borders of the various countries of origin and those of destination. To curb this vice, the border point control staff has a great responsibility in its prevention. The border point security personnel’s have been identified as the major actors in the prevention and eradication of human trafficking (Hetzer, 2007). The main contributor and cause of the unending cases of human trafficking is corruption. Corruption can be defined as dishonest exploitation of power for personal gain by use of the deprivation technique. The traffickers engage in the trafficking activities for monetary gain (Hetzer, 2007). The victims are either coerced or deceived to cross the border without them realizing they are being trafficked or exploited. Many victims are promised better job opportunities, better pay, and working conditions and the ease of movement without enduring the legal process of visa acquisition. The border control authorities have accepted the bribes and the huge amounts of money offered

Theme Of Morality In The Picture Of Dorian Gray - 789 Words

Everyone in the world lives their lives following a set of personal morals. However, as every individual person decides what their morals are, arises moral ambiguity. Moral ambiguity is defined as a lack of ethical decision making. Everyone defines what is morally correct and incorrect, but there comes a point where most people cannot decipher if a decision is truly correct. In The Picture of Dorian Gray, Dorian Gray’s morals are ambiguous. Dorian Gray’s moral ambiguity stems from his actions only benefiting himself due to the influence of Lord Henry and Basil and parallels the dangers of engrossing yourself in Aesthetics. A widely expressed idea in The Picture of Dorian Gray is that becoming too absorbed in the Aesthetics movement is†¦show more content†¦The unclearness also comes from Dorian going back and and forth between seemingly caring about and not caring about people. After he broke his engagement with Sibyl Vane, Dorian realizes he had been â€Å"sel fish and cruel to her,† and decides to â€Å"go back to Sibyl Vane, make her amends, marry her, try to love her again,† but fails to follow through because she dies (67). If Dorian was able to go through with marrying Sibyl, to the outside observer it would seem to be in favor of Sibyl, but Dorian still benefits from this. So, we see that even though his actions would have benefited someone else, the same actions also would have benefited him, in that he would be marrying someone he loved and there would no longer be conflict between Dorian and Sibyl. Lord Henry and Basil are very influential in that they both play a role in Dorian’s moral ambiguity due to their attempts to get Dorian to agree with their ideas. Lord Henry forced Dorian to think about the human race and the concept of Beauty. Dorian was â€Å"bewildered† by Henry’s ideas, such as the idea that people have a â€Å"desire for a new sensation,† (14, 163). Many of Dorian’s questionable thoughts stemmed from Henry’s influence. Even Dorian outright says Lord Henry brings up â€Å"subtle poisonous theories† and he had to â€Å"resist† the â€Å"temptation† of listening to these theories (67). Basil also greatly influences Dorian by showing Dorian his own beauty. BasilShow MoreRelatedThe Theme of Decadence in the Picture of Dorian Grey by Oscar Wilde1553 Words   |  7 PagesThe theme of decadence in The Picture of Dorian Grey by Oscar Wilde Staring from the definition found in the dictionary, the decadence is a literary movement especially of late 19th-century France and England characterized by refined aestheticism, artifice, and the quest for new sensations. [1] In decadence, important is not necessarily what is seen, but the hermeneutics: what man feels when he sees the creative result of this feeling. 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In 1890, author Oscar Wilde wrote The Picture of Dorian Gray and submitted it to Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine. The magazine’s editor, J.M. Stoddert, immediately declined the novel and determined that it would offend the sensibilities of his readership (Wilde x). It was believed that Oscar Wilde’s bookRead More Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray Essay examples1731 Words   |  7 PagesOscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Picture of Dorian Gray is a novel by Oscar Wilde. The genre of this novel can be classified as a comedy of manners or a gothic novel. The Picture of Dorian Gray was first published in 1890 in Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine. Another version with an additional six chapters was published in 1891. One of the major themes in the novel was the Supremacy of Beauty and Youth. A very attractive man has a portrait painted of himself, and after being warnedRead MoreJust Human. What Does â€Å"Being A Human† Even Mean? 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He is described as having a â€Å"simple and beautiful nature†, and he remains this way until he is corrupted by the antagonist of the story, Lord Henry, whoRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray By Oscar Wilde1523 Words   |  7 PagesReader Response Entry #6: Chapters 10-11 The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde was not received well by critics when it was published in 1890. This was because it contained themes of homosexuality and was considered scandalous. Now, it is just considered a philosophical novel dealing with morals. I think that this book would very much be viewed as indecent in Wilde’s time. For example, when talking about Dorian’s public image, Wilde writes, â€Å"Society--civilized society, at least--is never very

One of the Most Incredibly Ignored Answers for Intitle:Commentary Essay Samples Issue

One of the Most Incredibly Ignored Answers for Intitle:Commentary Essay Samples Issue If one paragraph looks weak, then the general level of your essay will be lacking. A persuasive essay should be able to grab the interest of the folks reading it easily. Persuasive essay topics don't always must be of a severe nature, you can write about things that are connected in your life. Most academic essay topics usually ask you to select a side in an argument or maybe to defend a specific side against criticism. Persuasive Essay Body There are a few newspapers which are still concerned with the caliber of news they report. There are some steps that you may take to compose a good body to your essay. Your paragraphs do not connect one another's meaning along with the whole thought of your essay may be incomprehensible. There are 3 things that will need to get included in your introduction paragraph. What You Don't Know About Intitle : Commentary Essay Samples Issue The most effective persuasive short essays often concentrate on controversial problems. Using persuasive essay examples is a great way to prepare to compose a successful essay. There are several good persuasive essay topics to pick from. Good persuasive essay examples will show you three key points you must have in your thesis as a way to compose a compelling essay. Thus selecting an expert for doing your essays could be the best selection. If you are concerned that you won't have the ability to locate a low-cost essay writing service capable of dealing with your academic papers, we're here to prove you wrong. To practice writing awa essays all you want to do is. If you wish to learn how to compose a fantastic persuasive essay, you're looking in the correct place! New Ideas Into Intitle : Commentary Essay Samples Issue Never Before Revealed In most high schools, your capability of writing this kind of essay is going to be evaluated in class. Summary Hiring a low-cost essay service may be suitable alternative for students at one time crunch. You can easily locate essay writing services that may write for you at cheap prices. The essay isn't the simplest task to master. Details of Intitle : Commentary Essay Samples Issue Know the precise learning needs of your readers before you get started writing so that you can create your content fo cused and highly targeted. Everyone can publish on the web. The web is a method of connecting computers together around the world utilizing the telephone cables. Firstly, a fast look at the way in which the web and eMail has shrunk the world. Sadly, not all of these are getting the results they're searching for. Moreover, many people are now working on the on-line sites as bloggers and writers, or even researching for assorted businesses, and then they're paid through internet payment means like the Western Union or PayPal. Accordingly, in risking out competition or being left from the present market situation, there's the need to improve on the social networking entities in the advertising situation. In any event, you'll receive an idea about what your target audience are interested in each time they go online. Using Intitle : Commentary Essay Samples Issue There's no ideal solution about how to compose an effective essay. Don't forget that any argumentative essay sample you'll discover on the internet will require a full rewriting in order to prevent plagiarism. Such last-minute searching never becomes futile, which causes unfinished essay assignments and leads to a poor grade. Reviewing some narrative essay examples can enable you to organize your information and help you decide how to compose each paragraph to acquire the best outcomes. Some of the greatest research paper introduction samples consist of primary resources supporting the argument or research of the issue. A government has a duty to make sure that it identifies all learning institutions and learners as equal irrespective of their financial and societal backgrounds. An argumentative essay example will reveal the should possess some important components which make it better in the practice of convincing. You have the choice of doing surveys or merely conduct keyword research.

Simple Partial Cystectomy Urology Surgery -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discus About The Simple Partial Cystectomy Urology Surgery? Answer: Introduction Abdominoperineal resection (apr). In this surgical procedure, parts of the GI tract like the Anus, rectum and sections of sigmoid colon are removed via an incision in the abdomen. In this process, the end of the intestine is connected to the stoma called colostomy, or the opening in the abdomen, through which the bodily wastes are collected in a disposable bag, placed outside the body. Cancerous lymph nodes can be removed in this surgery (Cancer.gov, 2018). Here the surgeon first divides the blood vessels supplied to the colon and rectum, after which the sigmoid colon and rectum is freed from the surrounding tissues, and then removed from the rest of the large intestine. After preparing the colon and rectum for removal, the perineal region (between the legs) is operated to remove the anus, after which the anus, along with the colon and rectum is removed from the body. 1a (ii): low anterior resection (lar). Low Anterior Resection (LAR) surgery is used in the treatment of rectal cancer. nursing procedure, the cancerous part of the rectum is surgically removed; the remaining portion of the rectum is connected back to the colon to enable normal movement of bowel. The surgery can be done by two different techniques, depending on the number and type of incisions made of the abdomen: Open Surgery: In this technique, a long incision is made on the abdomen (or belly), and the cancerous part of the rectum is removed through this incision. Minimally Invasive Surgery: Here many small incisions are made in the abdomen, through which surgical instruments and a video camera is inserted, to remove the cancerous part of the rectum. Robotic devices can be used in this procedure by the surgeons to help with the surgery. After the removal of the cancerous part of the rectum, the remaining part of the rectum is connected back to the colon using stitches or metal staples. The region where the two ends of rectum and colon are connected is known as the anastomosis (Mskcc.org, 2018). 1a (iii): proctocolectomy. Total proctocolectomy with ileostomy is a surgical procedure in which the entire large intestine and rectum is removed (Medlineplus.gov, 2018). The surgical procedure can either be an open surgery or laparoscopic surgery (also called keyhole procedure). The complete colon, rectum and anus are removed, and are also called a Pan-Proctolectomy. The blood and vessels and lymph nodes associated the part of the bowel are also removed. Along with the abdominal incisions, another incision is made near the bottom, to remove the anus. The rest of the bowel (consisting of the small intestine) is utilized to make an ilesotomy on the right side of the abdomen. The complete surgical procedure takes approximately three to four hours. (Birminghambowelclinic.co.uk, 2018). 1a (iv): hartmanns procedure. In this surgical procedure, part of the sigmoid colon and/ or the rectum is removed. It is generally performed on patients suffering from bowel cancer or diverticular diseases (Birminghambowelclinic.co.uk, 2018). The surgery can be either done laproscopically or as open surgery. In the process, the bowel is made free from the surrounding attachments from the abdominal cavity, followed by the division of blood vessels. After this, the bowel is incised, and the segment that is diseased is then removed. The colon is the brought to the surface of the skin, and is stitched to it, to form a colostomy. The rectum is closed using stitches or staples and placed back in the pelvic region. This surgery can be reversed by another surgery later on (Sussexsurgical.co.uk, 2018). 1a (v) cystectomy. The procedure can be of different types, like: radical cystectomy. Where the bladder and the fatty tissues around it is removed with a wide margin. The nearby pelvic organs (like prostrate in case of male patients, uterus and part of vaginal wall in case of female patients) are also removed. It is used for invasive or advanced cancer of the bladder (Kcurology.com, 2018). After the removal of the bladder, urinary diversion is done to restore the continuity of urinary tract. The urinary diversion can be of three types: Neobladder (connecting a new bladder to existing urethra), Continent Diversion (ureters connected to pouch with catherizable stoma) and ileal Conduit (short segment of small intestine connecting ureters to skin) Partial Cystectomy. Here a part of the bladder is removed, while preserving the rest of the bladder. It is utilized in case of benign lesions on the wall of bladder (Kcurology.com, 2018). Simple Cystectomy. Here the entire bladder is removed, but the adjacent fatty tissue and pelvic organs are preserved (Kcurology.com, 2018). Thus, the prostrate, seminal vesicles and urethra in male and urethra, uterus and anterior wall of vagina in female is left intact. This also keeps potency conserved (Urology.ucla.edu, 2018). 1a (vi) pelvic Excenteration. Anterior Pelvic Excentration. In this surgery, organs from the urinary and gynecologicsystem are removed, in order to treat cancer in the cervix or other organs in the urinary or gynecologicsystem (Mskcc.org, 2018). This procedure can be performed if irradiation therapy has failed (atlasofpelvicsurgery.com, 2018). The bladder and urethra is removed and hence a new place is needed for the elimination of urine. Urinary diversion is created for collecting the urine, and can be either is in the form of ileal conduit or urinary pouch. The ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus are also removed (mskcc.org, 2018). Posterior Pelvic Excentration In this surgery, organs from the gastrointestinal and gynecological systems are removed to treat cancer of cervix or other organs in the gastrointestinal or gynecologic system. Part of the large intestine along with the rectum and anus are removed, and the remaining of the large intestine is brought to the surface of the abdomen to create a colostomy, attached with a pouch to collect stool, and the ovaries, fallopian tube and uterus are also removed (Mskcc.org, 2018). Total Pelvic Excentration. This surgery involves bloc resection of pelvic organs including reproductive organs, urinary bladder and the recto sigmoid. It is used to treat advanced primary or locally concurrent forms of cancer (Diver, Rauh-Hain Carmen, 2018). Indications for the surgery: 1b (i) abdominoperineal resection. This surgery is commonly used to treat cancer located low in the rectum or in the anus, or cases of distal tumors or poor sphincter function (Perry Connaughton, 2007). This surgery can also be used in case of severe traumatic injury to the rectum (Augusta.edu, 2018). 1b (ii) low anterior resection (lar). This surgery is used to treat stage 1, 2 and 3 cancers in the upper part of the rectum (that connects to the colon). The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS) have outlined the parameters of the usage of colectomy to treat different conditions/indications (Emedicine.medscape.com, 2018). The different indications for colon resection are: Colorectal Cancer, Colonic Diverticular Disease, Trauma, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Bowel infarction, Slow-transit constipation and Polyposis syndromes. 1b (iii): proctocolectomy. This surgery removes the diseased part of the bowel, thereby significantly improving the quality of life of the patients. This procedure can be used to cure ulcerative colitis, (Cdhb.health.nz, 2018). This surgery is also used when all other forms of treatment fails to treat the problems with large intestine, and is common surgical procedure for patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis and Crohns Disease. Additionally, this surgery can also be performed in case of colon or rectal cancer, familial polyposis, bleeding of intestine, birth defects that cause damage to the intestine or other forms of intestinal damage due to injury or accidents (Medlineplus.gov, 2018). 1b (iv): hartmanns procedure. Hartmans procedure was initially developed to treat distal colonic adenocarcinoma, however other indications that calls for this procedure have progressed with time, including: Complicated Diverticulitis (stage I, II, III and IV), Recto sigmoid Cancer, Ischemia, Volvulus, Iatrogenic Perforation of the colon, Lymphoma, Metastatic Cancer in the Pelvis, Crohns Disease, Trauma due to accident or injury, Anastomotic dehiscence, Pseudomembranous colitis, Rectal prolapsed, Leiomyosarcoma, Ulcerative Colitis, Radiation Injuries, Retroperitoneal bleeding, Pneumatosis cystoides and For colon resection for patients who are haemodynamically unstable, immune-compromised or malnourished (Emedicine.medscape.com, 2018). 1b (v:) cystectomy. 1b.5.1: simple and partial cystectomy. Upper tract diversion can be used for the treatment of benign lower tract pathology or upper tract obstruction. Other indications for simple cystectomy include: radiation cystitis, interstitial cystitis, cyclosphosphamide cystitis, severe incontinence, neurogenic bladder, severe trauma to urethra and upper urinary tract obstruction. It can also be done to treat attenuation of bladder diverticuli, genitourinary sarcomas, manage urachal carcinomas and palliation of severe local symptoms, as well as to manage colovesical or vesicovaginal fistula and localized endometriosis of the bladder (urologysurgery.wordpress.com, 2018). 1b.5.2: radical cystectomy. Indications for radical cystectomy include: invasive bladder cancer, resectable locoregional metastases, superficial bladder tumors; Stage-pT1; grade-3 tumors that does not respond to BCG vaccine therapy; palliation for pain and primary adenocarcinoma (Emedicine.medscape.com, 2018). 1b (vi): pelvic Excenteration. Indications for pelvic Excenteration includes: Cervical Cancer, Uterine Cancer, Vulvar Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Vaginal Cancer and Pallation (Diver, Rauh-Hain del Carmen, 2018). Specific Risks: 1c (i): abdominoperineal resection. Specific risks associated with Abdominoperineal Resection are: Intra abdominal or pelvic abscess, Nerve Injury, Urologic Injury, Perineal Wound and Ostomy, Risk of peroneal nerve injury, Brachial plexus injury, Damage to autonomic nerves, Injury to hypo gastric nerves, Sexual dysfunction in male, Bladder injuries and Perineal herniation(Perry Connaughton, 2007; Murrell et al.,2005). 1c (ii): low anterior resection (lar). Risks of LAR includes: Anastomosis leakage, Postoperative ileus, Frequent Stools, Urinary and stool incontinence, Ventral hernia, Damage to autonomous nerves that can cause bladder paralysis, erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction and vaginal dryness. (Oncolex.org, 2018). 1c (iii): proctocolectomy. Possible complications arising from this surgical procedure include: Damage to adjacent organs and nerves to the pelvic region, Infection of lungs, urinary tract and abdomen, Formation of scar tissues blocking small intestine, Breaking of wound or poor healing., Reduced absorption of nutrients from food and Phantom rectum (medlineplus.gov, 2018). The complications can include: infection and delayed healing of perineal wound, obstruction of small bowel, urinary retention, sexual dysfunction, stomal complications, pelvic infection as well as misdiagnosis. Additional physiological effects like dehydration, electrolyte abnormality, urinary and gall stone formation can also occur due to ileostomy (Dozois, 2004) 1c (iv): hartmanns procedure. The common complications due to bowel surgery include bleeding (that can persist for few days), infection (inside the abdomen, lungs, bladder as well as in the surgical wound), Bowel Obstruction (due to internal scar tissues and causes a blockage of bowel movement and passing of wind, pain or cramps in abdomen and nausea/vomiting). Other complications include wound hernia (due to bowel obstruction), deep vein thrombosis (due to reduced mobility) (Cdhb.health.nz, 2018). 1c (v): cystectomy. The rate of urination can increase after cystectomy. Removal or bladder and surrounding organs can also change the normal function of the body. In men it can cause erectile dysfunctions, and menopause in women (cancercouncil.com.au, 2018). Other short term complications can include acidosis, leaking urine or stool, bowel obstruction and kidney infection, and long term conditions like obstruction to ureters or intestine, renal failure, complication with stoma, scar tissue formation in the intestine (webmd.com, 2018). Risks for urinary tract infection and urinary tract septicemia were also reported by van Hemelrijck et al., (2013). 1c (vi): pelvic excenteration. Common complications of this surgical procedure include sepsis, thrombo embolic disease, and cardiopulmonary failure. Other complications include loss of blood, fluid shift, urinary infection, wound infection, anastomotic leak, fistulae, small bowel obstruction and urethral obstruction. Death can also occur in rare cases (less than 5%) and more significant among women older than 65 years of age (Diver, Rauh-Hain del Carmen, 2018). Type of Stoma/Diversion- 1d (i): abdominoperineal resection. The type of stoma created in this surgical procedure is End-Colostomy, since it involves bringing the gastrointestinal tract to the surface of the abdomen, cuffing it back on itself and suturing it to the operating on the skin, and the colon and rectum is removed. 1d (ii): low anterior resection (lar). The type of stoma created in this surgical procedure is loop ileostomy, where a loop of the small intestine is bought to the surface of the skin in the form of the stoma, from which gas and waste from the intestine passes out, collected in pouch stuck to the skin at the opening of the stoma (uhn.ca, 2018). 1d (iii): proctocolectomy. The type of stoma created in this surgical procedure is an end ileostomy, since the complete colon and rectum is removed through the incision in the abdomen, and the end of the small intestine is brought to the surface of the skin through the incision, creating the opening or stoma through which the waste exits (nhs.uk, 2018). 1d (iv): hartmanns procedure. In the Hartmans procedure, end colostomy type of stoma is created since in the procedure, parts of the large bowel or rectum is removed. It can be temporary or permanent. 1d (V): Cystectomy. Three types of diversions that can be made in a Cystectomy surgery are: Ileal Conduit (where a section of the intestine is removed, secured to skin through a small opening to create a stoma, and an ostomy bag is used to collect urine), Neobladder (creates a new bladder using a portion of small intestine, with the ureters connected at the top of the bladder and urethra at the bottom of it) and Continent Cutaneous Urinary Reservoir (where the urethra exits the abdominal skin through stoma, instead of being connected to the bladder) (Washington.edu, 2018). 1d (VI): Pelvic Excenteration. The type of diversion created in Pelvic Excenteration includes Urinary Diversion (also called wet colostomy, as the urine and feces are eliminated through a single stoma), Fecal Diversion (as a permanent end colostomy, as the anal sphincter is removed), Neovagina (reconstructing a part of the vagina), Pelvic Floor Coverage (Diver, Rauh-Hain del Carmen, 2018). How Restorative Proctolectomy differs from Proctolectomy: In Restorative Proctolectomy, the entire large intestine is removed, and an internal pouch or reservoir is made using the small intestine, within which fecal discharge is stored, and is connected to the anus. This pouch is called the J-Pouch or ileo anal pouch (Sofo, Caprino, Sacchetti Bossola, 2016). This is different from Proctolectomy in which the entire large intestine and rectum is removed, and results in the formation of end ileostomy, through which the waste is discharged. Immediate post operative and long term characteristics of the output- 3.1: ileostomy. The stoma created by ileostomy would be pink, moist and slightly shiny. The output/ discharge from the stoma might be a thin or thick liquid, or even semi solid, but not solid like stool. The density of the exudates will depend upon the diet and medications. Some gas might also be discharged. The pouch should be emptied 5 to 8 times a day (Medlineplus.gov, 2018). 3.2: colostomy. If the rectum and anus are intact in the colostomy procedure, mucus is produced at the lining of the bowel to help the passage of stool. The longer the section of the bowel left, more is the discharge of mucous. The mucous can vary between clear, egg white to sticky glue like. This can occur every few week or several times daily (nhs.uk, 2018). 3.3: ileal conduit. Urine and some mucus are the main output. It will be in the form of continuous drainage. The mucous is formed by the segment of the intestine used to make the ileal conduit or urine pocket (Cancer.org, 2018). How Loop stoma and end stoma are made and why: 4.1: end stoma. In end colostomy, the colon and rectum is removed, and the remaining portion of large intestine is brought near the surface of the abdomen to create the stoma. It can be temporary or permanent (Coloplast.com.au, 2018). 4.2: loop stoma. In loop colostomy, the intestine is lifted above the skin and fixed in place using stoma rod. Cut on the intestine loop is then rolled and sewn to the skin to form two stomas. In case of loop ilesotomy, a loop from small intestine is lifted above the skin, and fixed with a stoma rod. Cut on the loop is rolled up and sewn to the skin to form two stomas (Coloplast.com.au, 2018). Continent Urinary Diversions: 5a.1: indiana pouch. This is a continent catherizable urine pouch. The pouch is formed from the caecum, ascending colon, and ileum. The ileum is then sewn to the skin of the abdomen (on the right side) (columbiaurology.org, 2018). 5a.2: the koch pouch. This is also called continent ileostomy. During the surgery, the small intestine is joined to an internal reservoir or pouch made from small intestine. A one way valve ensures the leakage of waste to the outside. The pouch is emptied using a catheter. The stoma is protected using stoma cap (Ouh.nhs.uk, 2018). 5a.3: mitrofanoff. This procedure is used to allow drainage of bladder, in situations where voiding or self catherization is not possible. The procedure creates a catheter channel into the bladder to empty it. This is done by forming a channel between the abdominal wall and the bladder to allow drainage. Mitrofanoff is made using the appendix or the fallopian tube. The continent mechanism is provided by tunneling one end of Mitrofanoff to the wall of the bladder to create a valve, and the other end passed through the skin of the abdomen to form stoma (mitrofanoffsupport.org.uk, 2018). Indiana Pouch 5b.1: immediate care. After surgery, tubes, drains and other equipments are used, and intravenous line is used for fluid and medicine. Abdominal drains such as stoma tube, suprapubic tube, stents, Jackson Pratt Drain, Foley Catheter, and NasoGastric Tube can be used. For pain control, medications will be used, to keep the pain limited to mild, and enable mobility. Walking is suggestible to speed recovery, and restoration of bowel function, and prevent blood clot or pneumonia. Drainage from the incisions might also occur, which would need cleaning and dressing (uwhealth.org, 2018). 5b.2: long term care. For long term care, the incision should be washed daily, gently with soap and water. Mucous buildup at the stoma should be wiped using plain warm water daily if required. Care should be taken cleaning near the stitches, and little bleeding might also occurs, which is normal. The stoma can be uncovered during bathing, once it has healed completely, but never should be scrubbed. After removal of tubes, a small gauze dressing can be used to cover the stoma. The tubes must also be cleaned daily with mild soap and water. It should be flushed 2-3 times every day to prevent plugging with mucous. The bags would also require changing or emptying of its contents. Self catherization will also be required on the long run, to be done by the patient. The diet should also be soft until the first visit after surgery, and 8-12 glasses of water should be drank every day (uwhealth.org, 2018). References: atlasofpelvicsurgery.com.(2018).Anterior Exenteration.Atlasofpelvicsurgery.com. management 1 February 2018, from https://www.atlasofpelvicsurgery.com/10MalignantDisease/16AnteriorExenteration/cha10sec16.html augusta.edu (APR).(2018).Abdominoperineal Resection Surgery (APR). Retrieved 29 January 2018, from https://www.augusta.edu/mcg/surgery/midds/patient_education/abdominoperineal_resection.php Birminghambowelclinic.co.uk.(2018).Hartmanns Procedure | Birmingham Bowel Clinic.Birminghambowelclinic.co.uk. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://www.birminghambowelclinic.co.uk/treatments-hartmann%E2%80%99s-procedure/ Birminghambowelclinic.co.uk. (2018).Pan-proctocolectomy | Birmingham Bowel Clinic.Birminghambowelclinic.co.uk. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://www.birminghambowelclinic.co.uk/treatments-pan-proctocolectomy/ cancer.gov. (2018).NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms . National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 29 January 2018, from https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms?cdrid=377733 cancer.org (2018).Surgery for Rectal Cancer. Cancer.org. Retrieved 29 January 2018, from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/treating/rectal-surgery.html Cancer.org.(2018).Types of Urostomies and Pouching Systems | American Cancer Society.Cancer.org. Retrieved 2 February 2018, from https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/ostomies/urostomy/types.html cancercouncil.com.au.(2018).Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer | Cancer Council NSW.Cancer Council NSW. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/bladder-cancer/muscle-invasive-treatment/surgery/ Cdhb.health.nz.(2018).Hartmanns Procedure- Patient Information- General Surgery.Cdhb.health.nz. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://www.cdhb.health.nz/Patients-Visitors/patient-information-pamphlets/Documents/Hartmann's-Procedure-3049.pdf Cdhb.health.nz.(2018).Pan Proctocolectomy-Patient Information- General Surgery.Cdhb.health.nz. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://www.cdhb.health.nz/Patients-Visitors/patient-information-pamphlets/Documents/Proctocolectomy-3044.pdf Coloplast.com.au.(2018).What Is A Stoma, Types of Stoma Stoma Care Guidelines - Coloplast.Coloplast.com.au. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://www.coloplast.com.au/ostomy/people-with-a-stoma/before-stoma-surgery/#section=Three-types-of-stoma_92641 columbiaurology.org.(2018).Indiana Pouch.Department of Urology. Retrieved 2 February 2018, from https://columbiaurology.org/indiana-pouch Diver, E., Rauh-Hain, J., del Carmen, M. (2018).Total Pelvic Exenteration for Gynecologic Malignancies. psychology 1 February 2018, from https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/693535 Dozois, E.(2004). Proctocolectomy and Brooke Ileostomy for Chronic Ulcerative Colitis.Clinics In Colon And Rectal Surgery,17(01), 65-70. https://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-823072 Emedicine.medscape.com. (2018).Colon Resection: Background, Indications, Contraindications.Emedicine.medscape.com. Retrieved 29 January 2018, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1891505-overview#a2 Emedicine.medscape.com.(2018).Open Hartmann Procedure: Background, Indications, Contraindications.Emedicine.medscape.com. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1535055-overview#a2 Emedicine.medscape.com.(2018).Radical Cystectomy: Background, History of the Procedure, Problem.Emedicine.medscape.com. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/448623-overview#a11 ibdrelief.com.(2018).Pan-proctocolectomy with ileostomy surgery | IBDrelief.IBDrelief. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://www.ibdrelief.com/learn/treatment/surgery/proctocolectomy-surgery/proctocolectomy-with-ileostomy ibdrelief.com.(2018).Proctocolectomy surgery for IBD | IBDrelief.IBDrelief. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://www.ibdrelief.com/learn/treatment/surgery/proctocolectomy-surgery Jani, K., Shah, A.(2015). Laparoscopic total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis.Journal Of Minimal Access Surgery,11(3), 177. https://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-9941.140212 Kcurology.com.(2018).Cystectomy.Kcurology.com. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://www.kcurology.com/treatments/cystectomy.html Medlineplus.gov.(2018).Ileostomy - discharge: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia.Medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2 February 2018, from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000074.htm Medlineplus.gov.(2018).Total proctocolectomy with ileostomy : MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia.Medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007381.htm mitrofanoffsupport.org.uk.(2018).Mitrofanoff Procedure.Mitrofanoff Support UK. Retrieved 2 February 2018, from https://www.mitrofanoffsupport.org.uk/mitrofanoff-procedure/ Mskcc.org.(2018).About Your Anterior Pelvic Exenteration Surgery | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.Mskcc.org. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/anterior-pelvic-exenteration Mskcc.org. (2018).About Your Low Anterior Resection Surgery | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.Mskcc.org. Retrieved 29 January 2018, from https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/about-your-low-anterior-resection-surgery Mskcc.org. (2018).About Your Posterior Pelvic Exenteration Surgery | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.Mskcc.org. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/posterior-pelvic-exenteration Msurgery.ie. (2018).Anterior Resection of the Rectum mSurgery.Msurgery.ie. Retrieved 29 January 2018, from https://msurgery.ie/anterior-resection-of-the-rectum Murrell, Z. A., Dixon, M. R., Vargas, H., Arnell, T. D., Kumar, R., Stamos, M. J. (2005). Contemporary indications for and early outcomes of abdominoperineal resection.The American Surgeon,71(10), 837-840. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. (2018).National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 29 January 2018, from https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms?cdrid=377733 nhs.uk.(2018).Colostomy Complications.nhs.uk. Retrieved 2 February 2018, from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/colostomy/risks/ nhs.uk.(2018).How it's performed.nhs.uk. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ileostomy/what-happens/ oncolex.org.(2018).Oncolex.org. Retrieved 29 January 2018, from https://oncolex.org/Prosedyrer/TREATMENT/Kirurgi/ColonRectum_LowAnteriorResection?lg=procedure Ouh.nhs.uk. (2018).Koch Pouch Operation- Information for patients.Ouh.nhs.uk. Retrieved 2 February 2018, from https://www.ouh.nhs.uk/patient-guide/leaflets/files/101101kochpouch.pdf Perry, W., Connaughton, J. (2007). Abdominoperineal Resection: How Is It Done and What Are the Results?.Clinics In Colon And Rectal Surgery,20(3), 213-220. https://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-984865 Sofo, L., Caprino, P., Sacchetti, F., Bossola, M. (2016). Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis: A narrative review.World Journal Of Gastrointestinal Surgery,8(8), 556. https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v8.i8.556 Sussexsurgical.co.uk. (2018).What is Hartmann's Procedure? Hartmann's Procedure: Operation and Information | Sussex Surgical.Sussexsurgical.co.uk. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://sussexsurgical.co.uk/information.php?t=Hartmann-s-Procedures=Colorectal-Surgeryid=130 Uhb.nhs.uk. (2018).Panprotocolectomy.Uhb.nhs.uk. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://www.uhb.nhs.uk/Downloads/pdf/PiPanproctocolectomy.pdf uhn.ca. (2018).Lower Anterior Resection (LAR) with Ileostomy.Uhn.ca. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from Urology.ucla.edu. (2018).Radical Cystectomy - Bladder Cancer - UCLA Urology, Los Angeles, California (CA).Urology.ucla.edu. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://urology.ucla.edu/radical-cystectomy urologysurgery.wordpress.com. (2018).Simple and Partial Cystectomy.Urology Surgery. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://urologysurgery.wordpress.com/2009/01/05/simple-and-partial-cystectomy/ uwhealth.org. (2018).Indiana Pouch- Continent Urinary Reservoir.Uwhealth.org. Retrieved 2 February 2018, from https://www.uwhealth.org/healthfacts/genitourinary/4535.pdf van Hemelrijck, M., Thorstenson, A., Smith, P., Adolfsson, J., Akre, O. (2013). Risk of in-hospital complications after radical cystectomy for urinary bladder carcinoma: population-based follow-up study of 7608 patients.BJU International,112(8), 1113-1120. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bju.12239 Washington.edu. (2018).Cystectomy | Department of Urology.Washington.edu. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://www.washington.edu/urology/cystectomy/ webmd.com. (2018).Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer.WebMD. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://www.webmd.com/cancer/bladder-cancer/cystectomy-for-bladder-cancer webmd.com. (2018).Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer.WebMD. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://www.webmd.com/cancer/bladder-cancer/cystectomy-for-bladder-cancer

Free Will Does Not Exist

God Whether God exists or not is a subject that elicits a debate among the philosophers and advocates of religion. The existence of God is something that receives support from a large section of the society. One thing that makes a lot of people to believe in the existence of God or a supernatural being is the existence of nature and the inability to explain the existence.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Free Will Does Not Exist specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The intellectual knowledge is quite important in explaining and justifying the way certain things exist. However, even the intellectual themselves reach a level where they cannot offer further explanation of the way things happen or exist the way they do. According to Woodman (105), thinking about the existence of God promotes morality in the society. A number of philosophers, dominant among them Karl Marx postulated that that religion and the ex istence of a supernatural being in only but a way of consoling human beings from the miseries that face them. However, even the mere thought of people that God or a supernatural being exists and controls their life is important as far as the embrace of morality in the society is concerned. It cannot be imagined how the society would be is there was no thought in the minds of the people about the existence of God who oversees the actions of deeds of people in the world. Perhaps, the world could be in a total mess with no order and the value of life and no peaceful existence. The rationale behind this observation is that even with the belief that God exists and the alignment of most people to religion, heinous acts against humanity are still highly advanced in the society (Garrett 149). Mind The mind is related to human consciousness and direction in human actions. Therefore, the philosophy of mind is critical in comprehending the attributes of behaviour and patterns of interaction th at are exhibited by human beings in the society. The functioning of the physical human boy is facilitated by the human mind. Therefore, it is worthwhile to argue that the fulcrum of human functioning is the mind. The mind is able to correspond to complex things that take place in the environment. Without the mind, the coordination of human beings could be a daunting thing to attain, meaning that people could be exposed to certain dangers that they could not have been exposed to.Advertising Looking for critical writing on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Assuming that the mind is fictional as postulated by Hume raises questions about the cognitive abilities of people. Even the ability of people to perceive comes from the fact that the mind can sense and synthesize some things according to the already known facts that are still stored in the same mind. Questions about the existence of certain things are best answered when the mind synthesizes information and releases conclusions that make people make sense of what exists in their surrounding (Preston para 13-15). However, it is also important to note that the mind can be deceiving in the sense that it can synthesize information and point to certain conclusions, which can in turn put people at loggerheads. This observation is based on the fact that the impressions and ideas that are created by the mind differ with individuals (Preston par. 15). Nonetheless, the mind is the creator of ideas, meaning that the many questions about the society can only be answered through the engagement of the mind. Free will Most philosophers and scientists agree with the observation that free will is merely an illusion. What most people refer to as free will is the predestination of the actions. However, in the real sense of the matter, people believe that free will exists in the sense that even amidst the forces that determine actions; people have a choice to act in a certain manner. The most important thing to note is that free will is often linked to making choices and engaging in acts that are valuable to people. Without free will, it would be difficult to explain why people make certain choices and not others. With free will, people easily embrace moral responsibility for the course that they take part in, thereby shaping the society in a positive way (Bloom para. 6-7). The question that comes out here is whether the actions of people are derived from within or from the external forces. According to McCall (488), the external forces play a critical role in determining the acts and actions of individuals in specific matters. McCall brings out the issue of omniscience and supernaturalism as determinants of the actions of people.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Free Will Does Not Exist specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From the outside, the society can conceiv e the actions of an individual from the perspective of the choice of the individual to do so, which points to free will. But in essence, there are reasons or might be forces that make people act in that manner. One of them is that they are under the watch of the supernatural being. These external pressure forces are important when it comes to putting pressure on people to do certain things, which they could have wished to do if they were doing it out of what and how they feel. Knowledge Philosophers have been concerned about bringing out the foundations of knowledge in the society. However, the main question by most of them is whether knowledge exists? If at all knowledge exists, then what is the real character of knowledge? These questions are the foundations of the development of the concept of epistemology, which explores the whole issue of knowledge. According to Immanuel Kant, who is one of the philosophers who explored the concept of knowledge, the human mind conceives things that exist in the physical world, as well as things that do not exist in the physical world, but only in the minds. According to Bruce and Barbone (65), knowledge begins with the observation of the physical world and further mental regurgitation of what human beings see through reasoning and the generating of new knowledge. The absence of the physical constructs in the world could have resulted in the lack of generation of knowledge because knowledge itself is developmental in nature. It builds from what is seen and conceived to what has not been seen. This results in what is termed by many people as innovation and invention, which is a proof of the existence of knowledge. The absence of knowledge would imply that the world would have remained the way it was in the first place. The emphasis on the concept of a priori knowledge is critical in explaining the diverse forms of knowledge that are generated in the world.Advertising Looking for critical writing on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The natures of observations that are made by people vary with the environment, which results in the generation of different forms of knowledge. This, in turn, changes different things in life (Scherer 860). The ability of people to shape the course of life is based on the diverse way in which the minds conceive things. The absence of knowledge would imply the lack of innovation and invention and a boring life. Right and wrong The rationalization of actions in the society is the main source of the argument between right and wrong. The main arguments among moral philosophers revolve around the justification of actions through the exploration of the course of such actions to classify them as being either right or wrong. Most philosophers dwell on the concept of the greater good at differentiating between wrong and right actions. Research shows that there is a lot of relativity in the classification of actions as either being right or wrong. To this extent, therefore, it can be argued t hat there are no moral principles that are completely objective or absolute in that matter. The other question that comes into the minds of people when talking about right and wrong is the foundation for these two ethical issues. Here, most people bring in the issue of a supernatural being or controller, where absolutism is attained (Maudsley 294). However, it is important to note that the principle of right and wrong in the society has helped to maintain order through the setup of standards on which the actions of individuals are classified as either being right or wrong. An example is the development and enforcement of laws in the society where the actions of individuals are controlled, even through some laws are considered to be wrong. The absence of such control mechanisms could leave an open space for individual rationalization of actions, leading to a disorderly and disorganized society where individual actions could have harmed a lot of people (Lee 47). In this case, it would be harder to sustain a meaningful life in the society, where life would be based on competition that is based on rationalization of actions whether they harm people or not. Works Cited Bloom, Paul. â€Å"Free Will Does Not Exist. So What?† The Chronicle Review. 2012. Web. https://www.chronicle.com/article/paul-bloom-free-will-does-not/131170. Bruce, Michael, and Steven Barbone. Just the Arguments: 100 of the Most Important Arguments in Western Philosophy. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. Print. Garrett, Stephen M. â€Å"Beauty As The Point Of Connection Between Theology And Ethics.† European Journal Of Theology 20.2 (2011): 149-158. Print. Lee, Daniel E. Deciding What’s Right and Wrong in an Age of Pluralism. Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefield, 2002. Print. Maudsley, Henry. Natural Causes and Supernatural Seemings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Print. McCall, Storrs. â€Å"Freewill And Omniscience: A Reply To Garrett.† Analysis 73.3 (2013): 488 -488. Print. Preston, Aaron. David Hume’s Treatment of Mind. n.d. Web. https://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Mind/MindPres.htm. Scherer, Irmgard. â€Å"Kant’s Theory Of A Priori Knowledge (Book).† Review Of Metaphysics 55.4 (2002): 860-860. Print. Woodman, Simon. â€Å"‘An Alien In The Land’: A Summary Of Singing The Ethos Of God By Brian Brock.† European Journal Of Theology 18.2 (2009): 105-113. Print. This critical writing on Free Will Does Not Exist was written and submitted by user Diamond Bishop to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

General Sir William Howe in the American Revolution

General Sir William Howe in the American Revolution General Sir William Howe was a central figure during the early years of the American Revolution (1775-1783) when he served as commander of British forces in North America. A distinguished veteran of the French and Indian War, he took part in many of the conflicts campaigns in Canada. In the years after the war, Howe and his brother, Admiral Richard Howe, were sympathetic to the concerns of the colonists. Despite this, he accepted a post to fight the Americans in 1775. Assuming command in North America the following year, Howe conducted successful campaigns that saw him capture both New York City and Philadelphia. Though victorious on the battlefield, he consistently failed to destroy General George Washingtons army and departed for Britain in 1778. Early Life William Howe was born August 10, 1729, and was the third son of Emanuel Howe, 2nd Viscount Howe and his wife Charlotte. His grandmother had been the mistress of King George I and as a result Howe and his three brothers were the illegitimate uncles of King George III. Influential in the halls of power, Emanuel Howe served as Governor of Barbados while his wife regularly attended the courts of King George II and King George III. Attending Eton, the younger Howe followed his two elder brothers into the military on September 18, 1746 when he purchased a commission as a coronet in Cumberlands Light Dragoons. A quick study, he was promoted to lieutenant the following year and saw service in Flanders during the War of the Austrian Succession.  Elevated to captain on January 2, 1750, Howe transferred to the 20th Regiment of Foot. While with the unit, he befriended Major James Wolfe under whom he would serve in North America during the French and Indian War. Fighting in North America On January 4, 1756, Howe was appointed major of the newly formed 60th Regiment (re-designated 58th in 1757) and traveled with the unit to North America for operations against the French.  Promoted to lieutenant colonel in December 1757, he served in Major General Jeffery Amhersts army during its campaign to capture Cape Breton Island. In this role he took part in Amhersts successful siege of Louisbourg that summer where he commanded the regiment. During the campaign, Howe earned a commendation for making a daring amphibious landing while under fire. With the death of his brother, Brigadier General George Howe at the Battle of Carillon that July, William attained a seat in Parliament representing Nottingham.  This was aided by his mother who campaigned on his behalf while he was overseas as she believed that a seat in Parliament would aid in advancing her sons military career. Battle of Quebec Remaining in North America, Howe served in Wolfes campaign against Quebec in 1759. This began with a failed effort at Beauport on July 31 that saw the British suffer a bloody defeat. Unwilling to press the attack at Beauport, Wolfe decided cross the St. Lawrence River and land at  Anse-au-Foulon to the southwest. This plan was executed and on September 13, Howe led the initial light infantry assault which secured the road up to the Plains of Abraham. Appearing outside of the city, the British opened the the Battle of Quebec later that day and won a decisive victory. Remaining in the region, he helped defend Quebec through the winter, including participation in the Battle of Sainte-Foy, before aiding in Amhersts capture of Montreal the following year. Colonial Tensions Returning to Europe, Howe took part in the siege of Belle ÃŽle in 1762 and was offered the military governorship of the island.  Preferring to remain in active military service, he declined this post and instead served as the adjutant general of the force that assaulted Havana, Cuba in 1763.  With the end of the conflict, Howe returned to England. Appointed colonel of the 46th Regiment of Foot in Ireland in 1764, he was elevated to governor of the Isle of Wight four years later. Recognized as a gifted commander, Howe was promoted to major general in 1772, and a short time later took over training of the armys light infantry units. Representing a largely Whig constituency in Parliament, Howe opposed the Intolerable Acts and preached reconciliation with the American colonists as tensions grew in 1774 and early 1775. His feelings were shared by his brother, Admiral Richard Howe. Though publicly stating that he would resist service against the Americans, he accepted the position as second-in-command of British forces in America. American Revolution Begins Stating that he was ordered, and could not refuse, Howe sailed for Boston with Major Generals Henry Clinton and John Burgoyne. Arriving May 15, Howe brought reinforcements for General Thomas Gage. Under siege in the city following the American victories at Lexington and Concord, the British were forced to take action on June 17 when American forces fortified Breeds Hill on the Charlestown Peninsula overlooking the city. Lacking a sense of urgency, the British commanders spent much of the morning discussing plans and making preparations while the Americans worked to strengthen their position. While Clinton favored an amphibious attack to cut off the American line of retreat, Howe advocated a more conventional frontal attack. Taking the conservative route, Gage ordered Howe to move forward with a direct assault. Bunker Hill In the resulting Battle of Bunker Hill, Howes men succeeded in driving off the Americans but sustained over 1,000 casualties in capturing their works. Though a victory, the battle deeply influenced Howe and crushed his initial belief that the rebels represented only a small part of the American people. A dashing, daring commander earlier in his career, the high losses at Bunker Hill made Howe more conservative and less inclined to attack strong enemy positions. Battle of Bunker Hill. Photograph Source: Public Domain Knighted that year, Howe was temporarily appointed commander-in-chief on October 10 (it was made permanent in April 1776) when Gage returned to England. Assessing the strategic situation, Howe and his superiors in London planned to establish bases in New York and Rhode Island in 1776 with the goal of isolating the rebellion and containing it in New England. Forced out of Boston on March 17, 1776, after General George Washington emplaced guns on Dorchester Heights, Howe withdrew with the army to Halifax, Nova Scotia. New York There, a new campaign was planned with the goal of taking New York. Landing on Staten Island on July 2, Howes army soon swelled to over 30,000 men. Crossing to Gravesend Bay, Howe exploited the light American defenses at Jamaica Pass and succeeded in flanking Washingtons army.  The resulting Battle of Long Island on August 26/27 saw the Americans beaten and forced to retreat. Falling back to fortifications at Brooklyn Heights, the Americans awaited a British assault. Based on his earlier experiences, Howe was reluctant to attack and began siege operations. Battle of Long Island by Alonzo Chappel. Public Domain This hesitation allowed Washingtons army to escape to Manhattan. Howe was soon joined by his brother who had orders to act as a peace commissioner. On September 11, 1776, the Howes met with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and Edward Rutledge on Staten Island. While the American representatives demanded recognition of independence, the Howes were only permitted to extend pardons to those rebels who submitted to British authority. Their offer refused, they began active operations against New York City. Landing on Manhattan on September 15, Howe suffered a setback at Harlem Heights the next day but ultimately forced Washington from the island and later drove him from a defensive position at the Battle of White Plains. Rather than pursue Washingtons beaten army, Howe returned to New York to secure Forts Washington and Lee. New Jersey Again showing an unwillingness to eliminate Washingtons army, Howe soon moved into winter quarters around New York and only dispatched a small force under Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis to create a safe zone in northern New Jersey. He also dispatched Clinton to occupy Newport, RI. Recovering in Pennsylvania, Washington was able to win victories at Trenton, Assunpink Creek, Princeton in December and January. As a result, Howe pulled back many of his outposts. While Washington continued small-scale operations during the winter, Howe was content to remain in New York enjoying a full social calendar. Two Plans In the spring of 1777, Burgoyne proposed a plan for defeating the Americans which called for him to lead an army south through Lake Champlain to Albany while a second column advanced east from Lake Ontario. These advances were to be supported by an advance north from New York by Howe. While this plan was approved by Colonial Secretary Lord George Germain, Howes role was never clearly defined nor was he issued orders from London to aid Burgoyne. As a result, though Burgoyne moved forward, Howe launched his own campaign to capture the American capital at Philadelphia. Left on his own, Burgoyne was defeated in the critical Battle of Saratoga. Philadelphia Captured Sailing south from New York, Howe moved up the Chesapeake Bay and landed at Head of Elk on August 25, 1777. Moving north into Delaware, his men skirmished with the Americans at Coochs Bridge on September 3. Pressing on, Howe defeated Washington at the Battle of Brandywine on September 11. Outmaneuvering the Americans, he captured Philadelphia without a fight eleven days later. Concerned about Washingtons army, Howe left a small garrison in the city and moved northwest. Fighting around Cliveden during the Battle of Germantown. Photograph Source: Public Domain On October 4, he won a near-run victory at the Battle of Germantown. In the wake of the defeat, Washington retreated into winter quarters at Valley Forge. Having taken the city, Howe also worked to open the Delaware River to British shipping.  This saw his men defeated at Red Bank but victorious in the Siege of Fort  Mifflin. Under severe criticism in England for failing to crush the Americans and feeling he had lost the kings confidence, Howe requested to be relieved on October 22. After attempting to lure Washington into battle late that fall, Howe and the army entered winter quarters in Philadelphia. Again enjoying a lively social scene, Howe received word that his resignation had been accepted on April 14, 1778. Later Life Arriving in England, Howe entered into the debate over the conduct of the war and published a defense of his actions. Made a privy counselor and Lieutenant General of the Ordnance in 1782, Howe remained in active service. With the outbreak of the French Revolution he served in a variety of senior commands in England. Made a full general in 1793, he died on July 12, 1814, after a prolonged illness, while serving as governor of Plymouth. An adept battlefield commander, Howe was beloved by his men but received little credit for his victories in America. Slow and indolent by nature, his greatest failure was an inability to follow up on his successes.

Data Minining and Data Discovery Research Paper

Data Minining and Data Discovery - Research Paper Example However, the data that is analyzed via different techniques is fetched from data warehouses, where many databases are interconnected with each other. Major techniques that are involved in the process of data miming are regression, classification and clustering. Data mining is incorporated for gaining in depth patterns for market intelligence from data warehouses containing massive amount of data. However, the issue that arises is not the quantity of data, as we already have massive amount of data to work with, it is the methodology that is required to learn data. 3 Data Mining 3NF is usually recommended for a corporate environment managing massive amount of replicated data. For instance there is no requirement of saving data several times. However, there is a requirement of doing more joins. Comparatively, 1NF will provide the functionality of storing replicated data regardless of number of joins. It is the choice of database administrator to evaluate what is the right form; it may b e 3NF or 1 NF. Moreover, normalization comprises of five rules that are applied on a relational database. The main objective is to eliminate or minimize the redundancy and at the same time increasing database efficiency. The negative part illustrates that too much implementation of normalization can cause issues. The objective is to deploy the highest acceptable level of normalization. If we compare three of these NF’s, the 1NF removes replication in groups. The 2NF reduces data replication or redundancy and the 3NF reduces columns from the tables that are not reliant on primary keys. Therefore, database design must demonstrate the highest level of normalization possible, in order to make database efficient and robust. In order to maintain 3 large databases for a VLDB and to keep them efficient for two years if required, there is a requirement for constructing a ‘store and forward’ mechanism that will process the data or information from and through each distribu tion center database. Likewise, at the same time embrace that data or information pending till the completion of EDW. Moreover, data archiving is also required for maintaining each distribution center becoming a VLDB. EDW is efficient enough to support this scenario. A study demonstrated the overall cost of this disease throughout the world is $376 Billion annually. It is now almost fundamental that a person exceeding an age of 60 have more chances to get this disease, as it is now considered as the fourth largest live taking disease globally along with making its name for the fourth most common disease that contributes to a death of a person. However, the most common of all diabetes is the type 2. As there are almost 20% habitants suffering from in the United Arab Emirates alone, many research studies and debates are conducted yearly in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. Moreover, awareness sessions are conducted in every town of the cities to aware the people about this disease (MoH launches se cond phase of diabetes campaign.2010). However, this case study demonstrates the disease diabetes and medical data associated with patients from the Middle east region i.e. United Arab Emirates for discovering concealed patterns and the valuable information that can be utilized for decision making process. In addition, these informed decisions are performed by medical personnel

Natives Responses to Modernity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Natives Responses to Modernity - Essay Example The Indians attempted to reproduce their own social environment that could help them to improve the cultures that they were leaving behind. For example, the Indian farmers tried to reintroduce the culture of setting fire at the end of every summer. The Indians signed treaties that would make them to be recognized as a kind of a political entity. Even when the Indians realized that they had signed treaties that could affect their cultures negatively they could resolve into becoming hostile and fight for their rights. For instance the Modoc Indian groups of Northern California left their reservations and went into war in 1872-73 with an aim of remaining in their homeland as these were seen as one factor that could help them maintain their culture (Findlay, 2000). The practice of Indian religion also helped the Indians to prevent their full assimilation and preserve their cultures. In the 1850 one of the famous Indian prophets, Wanapum experienced a visionary dream that encouraged all the Indians to observe their old customs and ways. This and other prophesies among the natives helped to form a strong basis for the Indian resistance. The Indians also believed that if they strictly followed their cultures and resisted any attempt of being assimilated by the whites, they could hasten the arrival of a sort of cataclysm that would help them remove non-Indians from the land and bring back the harmony that they previously enjoyed before the arrival of the whites. The Indians were driven by the above dream to observe their faith and follow their traditional ways, and they also resisted pressures on them to acculturate the white ways (Findlay, 2000). The Makah reservation helped the Indians to preserve their culture since this reserve was based on the tribe’s traditional territory and it offered access not only to land based supplies but also to the salt water resources that the Makahs had long exploited. In the process of their participation

Icici Bank Is The Second Largest Bank Marketing Essay

Icici Bank Is The Second Largest Bank Marketing Essay In my term paper I had to discuss 7ps of ICICI bank. 7ps means what the marketing mix they used for promoting their products. It is usually a strategies used by icici bank for promoting their products, or we can say that for promoting their sales. As we know ICICI (Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India) is largest private sector bank by market capitalization and second largest overall in term off assets. The growth of the ICICI over the years has proved repeatedly the ability of the institution in adopting new technologies and products. It is through its ability to nourish new products and services that the institution has become a household name in a very short span of time.  ICICI Bank decided to target Indias burgeoning middle class and corporates by offering a high level of customer service and efficiency that rivaled the foreign banks, on a much larger scale, at a lower cost. ICICI offer very services which is very good in comparison to other banks. Credit cards services of ICICI bank are also very good as comparison of other banks. In my term paper I also compare ICICI with HDFC and AXIS bank. INTRODUCTION TO ICICI BANK: ICICI Bank  (Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India) is  Indias largest  private sector  bank  by market capitalisation  and second largest overall in terms of assets. Total assets of Rs. 3,562.28 billion (US$ 77 billion) at December 31, 2009 and profit after tax Rs. 30.19 billion (US$ 648.8 million) for the nine months ended December 31, 2009. The Bank also has a network of 1,700+ branches (as on 31 March, 2010) and about 4,721 ATMs in India and presence in 18 countries, as well as some 24 million customers (at the end of July 2007). ICICI Bank offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and specialised subsidiaries and affiliates in the areas of investment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital and asset management. ICICI Bank is also the largest issuer of credit cards in India. ICICI Bank has got its equity shares listed on the stock exchanges at  Kolkata  and  Vadodara,  Mumbai  and the  National Stock Exchange of India Limited, and its  ADRs  on the  New York Stock Exchange  (NYSE). The Bank is expanding in overseas markets and has the largest international balance sheet among Indian banks. ICICI Bank now has wholly-owned subsidiaries, branches and representatives offices in 18 countries, including an offshore unit in Mumbai. This includes wholly owned subsidiaries in Canada, Russia and the UK, offshore banking units in Bahrain and Singapore, an advisory branch in Dubai, branches in Belgium, Hong Kong and Sri Lanka, and representative offices in Bangladesh, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, South Africa, Thailand, the United Arab Emirates and USA. Overseas, the Bank is targeting the NRI (Non-Resident Indian) population in particular. ICICI reported a 1.15% rise in net profit to Rs. 1,014.21 crore on a 1.29% increase in total income to Rs. 9,712.31 crore in Q2 September 2008 over Q2 September 2007. The banks current and savings account (CASA) ratio increased to 30% in 2008 from 25% in 2007. Sensing an untapped opportunity, ICICI Bank decided to target Indias burgeoning middle class and corporates by offering a high level of customer service and efficiency that rivalled the foreign banks, on a much larger scale, at a lower cost. ICICI has around 27 subsidiaries. Of course, the most prominent and most successful among them is the ICICI bank.ICICI Bank is one of the  Big Four Banks  of India with  State Bank of India,  Axis Bank  and  HDFC Bank. 7 PS OF ICICI BANK PRODUCT MIX 1. DEPOSITS ICICI Bank offers wide variety of Deposit Products to suit our requirements. Coupled with convenience of networked branches/ over 1800 ATMs and facility of E-channels like Internet and Mobile Banking, ICICI Bank brings banking at your doorstep. Savings Account: ICICI Bank offers a power packed Savings Account with a host of convenient features and banking channels to transact through. Senior Citizen Services: The Senior Citizen Services from ICICI Bank has several advantages that are tailored to bring more convenience and enjoyment in your life. Young Stars: Its really important to help children learn the value of finances and money management at an early age. Banking is a serious business, but we make banking a pleasure and at the same time children learn how to manage their personal finances. Fixed Deposits: Safety, Flexibility, Liquidity and Returns!!!! A combination of unbeatable features of the Fixed Deposit from ICICI Bank. Recurring Deposits: Through ICICI Bank Recurring Deposit you can invest small amounts of money every month that ends up with a large saving on maturity. So you enjoy twin advantages- affordability and higher earnings. Roaming Current Account: Only Roaming Current Account from ICICI Bank travels the distance with your business. You can access your accounts at over 500 networked branches across the country. Bank @ Campus: Thanks to [emailprotected], child can now surf the Net and access all the details of his / her account at the click of a mouse! No need to visit the bank branch at all. ICICI Bank Salary Account: is a benefit-rich payroll account for Employers and Employees. As an organization, you can opt for our Salary Accounts to enable easy disbursements of salaries and enjoy numerous other benefits too. 2. INVESTMENTS Along with Deposit products and Loan offerings, ICICI Bank assists you to manage your finances by providing various investment options such as: ICICI Bank Tax Saving Bonds Government of India Bonds Investment in Mutual Funds Initial Public Offers by Corporate Investment in Pure Gold Foreign Exchange Services Senior Citizens Savings Scheme, 2004 3. ANYWHERE BANKING ICICI Bank is the second largest bank in the country. It services a customer base of more than 5 million customer accounts through a multi-channel access network. This includes more than 500 branches and extension counters, over 1800 ATMs, Call Centre and Internet Banking. Thus, one can access the various services ICICI Bank has to offer at anytime, anywhere and from anyplace. 4. LOAN a) Home Loans b) Personal Loans c) Car Loans d) Two Wheeler Loans e) Commercial Vehicle Loans f) Loans against Securities g) Farm Equipment Loans h) Construction Equipment Loans i) Office Equipment Loans j) Medical Equipment Loans 5. CARDS a) Credit Card b) Debit cum ATM Card c) Travel Card d) VBV (VERIFY BY VISA): Verified by Visa (VBV)  is a new service from VISA that lets us shop securely online with our existing Visa  Credit card. Usable only on Verified by Visa sites, this service through a simple checkout process, confirms our identity when we make purchases. e) Master Card Securecode: MasterCard ®Ã‚  SecureCodeà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  is an easy to use, secured online payment service from ICICI Bank that lets you shop securely online with your existing ICICI Bank MasterCard ®Ã‚  Credit Card. This service through a simple checkout process, confirms your identity when you make purchases on the Internet. f) American express card: With ICICI Bank American Express Credit Card just shop online as you normally would and then enter your correct card information and billing address. We would validate the billing address that we provide with our records and authenticate our transaction. Its that simple and helps in safeguarding our online transaction.If we are unsure what is our billing address on record with us, simply call our 24-hour Customer Care numbers given on the back of the card for a quick check. 6. DEMAT SERVICES ICICI Bank Demat Services boasts of an ever-growing customer base of over 7 lacs account holders. In their continuous endeavor to offer best of the class services to our customers we offer the following features: Digitally signed transaction statement by e-mail. Corporate benefit tracking. e-Instruction facility facility to transfer securities 24 hours a day, 7 days a week through Internet Interactive Voice Response (IVR) at a lower cost. Dedicated specially trained customer care executives at their call centre, to handle all queries. 7. MOBILE BANKING With ICICI Bank, banking is no longer what it used to be. ICICI Bank offers Mobile Banking facility to all its Bank, Credit Card and Demat customers. ICICI Bank Mobile Banking enables you to bank while being on the move. 8. NRI SERVICES ONLINE MONEY TRANSFER facility available to NRIs worldwide through www.money2India.com at the click of a button! Benefits: FREE Money transfers into accounts with over 30 banks in India Demand Drafts issued and payable at over 1250 locations in India ONLINE Tracking of the status of your funds SUPERIOR Exchange rates OFFLINE MONEY TRANSFER facility is also available across geographies through our local branches and in association with partner banks/ exchange houses. PRICING MIX The pricing decisions or the decisions related to interest and fee or commission charged by ICICI are found instrumental in motivating or influencing the target market. The RBI and the IBA are concerned with regulations. The rate of interest is regulated by the RBI and other charges are controlled by IBA. The pricing policy of a bank is considered important for raising the number of customers vis-à  -vis the accretion of deposits. Also the quality of service provided has direct relationship with the fees charged. Thus while deciding the price mix customer services rank the top position. The ICICI bank has to frame two- fold strategies. First, the strategy is concerned with interest and fee charged and the second strategy is related to the interest paid. Since both the strategies throw a vice- versa impact, it is important that ICICI bank attempt to establish a correlation between two. It is essential that both the buyers as well as the sellers have feeling of winning. Pricing ICICI Bank Products Starts With Three Basic Questions. 1. What rate does the bank need to meet its financial objectives? The answer is, it depends. Some considerations for loan and deposit pricing are: ROA or ROE objectives Related income taxes Earning assets to total assets Equity-to-asset ratio Cost to service earning assets being funded or deposits funding an earning asset Pricing for the activities and risks associated with the product Rate tiers based on product balances Asset and liability mix Another element to consider in the pricing of earning assets is the risk of loss. Most notably, this is relevant in loan pricing. Many banks assign a risk weighting to individual loans over a certain size or based on loan type and assign a credit risk charge based on those ratings. Customer relationships are difficult to assign a value to in the pricing process. Customers will generally press for some price concessions in consideration of other relationships they have with the bank. Asset and liability mix also impacts pricing results. Generally speaking, banks operating with higher loan-to-asset ratios are able to afford to pay more for deposits. Likewise, banks can afford to be more competitive on certain deposit products if they have fewer maturities in a particular timeframe or less total outstanding balances in a product line. 2. What is the market rate for the core product? Customers have more distribution channels available to them today than at any other point in history. In the past 10 years, the number of bank locations has increased 20%. Of course, there are the mortgage bankers, the Internet, and a host of other financial service providers competing for your customers loan and deposit business. The point is, the competitive marketplace always ensures that if a financial institution is charging too much for loans or paying too little for deposits, its share of the market will likely dwindle as existing and prospective customers find alternative providers. You can do all the math you want to determine required pricing points, but if your pricing is uncompetitive, your market share will shrink. 3. What would the bank have to do to sales and operations to make its rates the most competitive in its market? Pricing is a key issue for the associates who sell bank products to your customers. The fact is, lenders want the lowest rates, and people dealing with depositors want to pay the highest rates. You need the right balance of fee income, strategies to reduce operating costs, and a healthy asset and liability mix to change your required pricing. PLACE This component of marketing mix is related to the offering of services. The services are sold through the branches. The 2 important decision making areas are: making available the promised services to the ultimate users and selecting a suitable place for bank branches. The number of branches OF ICICI: 1900 in India and 33 in Mumbai. What attract peoples for choosing ICICI? The selection of a suitable place for the establishment of a branch is significant with the view point of making place accessible. The safety and security provisions a Convenient to both the parties, such as the users and the bankers Infrastructure facility Near to station and located on s. v. road well crowded area. Market coverage PROMOTION MIX Advertising: Television, radio, movies, theatres Print media: hoardings, newspaper, magazines Publicity: road shows, campus visits, sandwich man, Sponsorship Sales promotion: gifts, discount and commission, incentives, etc. Personal selling: Cross-sale (selling at competitors place),personalized service Telemarketing: ICICI one source Call center (mind space) PROCESS Flow of activities: all the major activities of ICICI banks follow RBI guidelines. There has to be adherence to certain rules and principles in the banking operations. The activities have been segregated into various departments accordingly. Standardization: ICICI bank has got standardized procedures got typical transactions. In fact not only all the branches of a single-bank, but all the banks have some standardization in them. This is because of the rules they are subject to. Besides this, each of the banks has its standard forms, documentations etc. Standardization saves a lot of time behind individual transaction. Customization: There are specialty counters at each branch to deal with customers of a particular scheme. Besides this the customers can select their deposit period among the available alternatives. Number of steps: numbers of steps are usually specified and a specific pattern is followed to minimize time taken. Simplicity: in ICICI banks various functions are segregated. Separate counters exist with clear indication. Thus a customer wanting to deposit money goes to deposits counter and does not mingle elsewhere. This makes procedures not only simple but consume less time. Besides instruction boards in national boards in national and regional language help the customers further. Customer involvement: ATM does not involve any bank employees. Besides, during usual bank transactions, there is definite customer involvement at some or the other place because of the money matters and signature requires. PHYSICAL EVIDENCES Physical evidence is the material part of a service. Strictly speaking there are no physical attributes to a service, so a consumer tends to rely on material cues. There are many examples of physical evidence, including some of the following: Internet/web pages Paperwork Brochures Furnishings Business cards The building itself (such as prestigious offices or scenic headquarters) The physical evidences also include signage, reports, punch lines, other tangibles, employees dress code etc. Signage: each and every bank has its logo by which a person can identify the company. Thus such signages are significant for creating visualization and corporate identity. Financial reports: The Companys financial reports are issued to the customers to emphasis or credibility. Tangibles: bank gives pens, writing pads to the internal customers. Even the passbooks, chequebooks, etc reduce the inherent intangibility of services. Punch lines: punch lines or the corporate statement depict the philosophy and attitude of the bank. Banks have influential punch lines to attract the customers. Employees dress code: ICICI bank follows a dress code for their internal customers. This helps the customers to feel the ease and comfort. THE PEOPLE All people directly or indirectly involved in the consumption of banking services are an important part of the extended marketing mix. Knowledge Workers, Employees, Management and other Consumers often add significant value to the total product or service offering. It is the employees of a bank which represent the organisation to its customers. In a bank organization, employees are essentially the contact personnel with customer. Therefore, an employee plays an important role in the marketing operations of a service organisation. To realize its potential in bank marketing, ICICI become conscious in its potential in internal marketing the attraction, development, motivation and retention of qualified employee-customers through need meeting job-products. Internal marketing paves way for external marketing of services. In internal marketing a variety of activities are used internally in an active, marketing like manner and in a coordinated way. The starting point in internal marketing is that the employees are the first internal market for the organization. The basic objective of internal marketing is to develop motivated and customer conscious employees. A service company can be only as good as its people. A service is a performance and it is usually difficult to separate the performance from the people. If the people dont meet customers expectations, then neither does the service. Therefore, investing in people quality in service business means investing in product quality. COMPARISON OF ICICI WITH OTHER BANKS: ICICI bank market capitalization is more then other banks. It has market capitalization is 105,709.63 cr, while HDFC is 91,326.65 cr and AXIS bank is 91,326.65 cr. ICICI has net interest income is 25,706.93 cr, which is higher then other banks. While net interest income of HDFC is 16,172.91 cr and AXIS bank is 11,638.02 cr. Net profit of ICICI bank is 4,024.98 cr, which is again higher then other banks. While net profit of HDFC is 2,948.69 cr and AXIS bank net profit is 2,514.53 cr. Total assets of ICICI bank are 379,300.96 cr, which is higher then other banks. While total assets of HDFC bank is 183,270.78 cr and total assets of AXIS bank is 147,722.06 cr. ICICI banks headquarters in Mumbai is vary huge, then other bank headquarters. In the past two years, the bank has spent Rs 185 crore on advertising and publicity (In comparison, HDFC has spent Rs 100 crore). HDFC Banks retail deposits are about Rs 23,000 crore (Rs 230 billion). Even in home loans, ICICI Bank commands 30 per cent of the market, having eaten into housing finance pioneer, HDFCs share. ICICI Bank has issued 3 million credit cards that is more than twice the number of HDFC Banks credit card users. However, industry observers point out that ICICI Banks effective users for credit cards may not be high. As a result of its perceptive branch strategy, ICICI Bank has acquired more than five million internet, mobile and telephone banking customers, i.e. much greater then HDFC and AXIS bank. ICICI strategy for promotion of financial inclusion: ICICI Bank has taken up specific initiatives to ramp up financial literacy as well as intermediation to the underserved and under banked segments in both rural and urban areas. ICICI Banks financial intermediation models, both through the microfinance institutions and business correspondents have been designed to build a repository of information with regard to financial behaviour of the customers. ICICI Banks Financial Intermediation Models: With focus on low-income segments, ICICI Bank has come up with innovative delivery channels: Microfinance ICICI Bank works closely with MFIs and NGOs to adapt its products to suit consumer needs. Two innovative models have helped achieve scale in serving the low-income household: a) Partnership Model being implemented with NGOs and MFIs: Under this model ICICI Bank forges an alliance with existing MFIs wherein the MFI undertakes the promotional role of identifying, training and promoting the micro-finance clients and the ICICI Bank finances the clients directly on the recommendation of the MFI, so the customer and portfolio resides in the Banks book. b) Securitisation of Portfolios of MFIs: Under this model ICICI Bank buys out portfolios from MFIs. The MFI continues to service the clients and acts as the collection agent. Here again, the MFI shares the credit risk with the Bank. A variant of the securitisation model is on-tap securitisation, wherein the MFI receives an advance purchase consideration to create a portfolio of loans that could then be periodically sold to ICICI Bank. Technology The Bank has been actively looking at technology solutions to scale up the micro finance portfolio. Further, the Bank has been considering adopting a Core Banking System (CBS) for managing the loan portfolio generated under the partnership model. In this regard, the Bank has found an able partner in FINO to provide technology solutions to the micro finance sector. The technology solution comprises of core banking and smart card systems. In light of the technology solutions available through FINO, the Bank has designed a new process for delivering loans under the partnership model. Some of the key aspects where a strong technology platform will add value to the micro finance operations include reduction in transaction cost; better data management and reporting capacities and capability to interface with multiple peripherals, etc. This will also enable enhanced disclosure and transparency in the operations of MFIs, setting a platform for robust securitisation / buyout opportunities to meet the priority sector lending objectives of the regulator. Business Correspondent In line with the RBI guidelines ICICI Bank employs Business Correspondent (BC) model to extend financial services, especially the much-needed savings services to rural customers. In the pilot stage, the transactions by BC are being done with the help of an e-Passbook and an Authentication Device (AD). The e-Passbook can display and store the customer KYC information, customer account details and the transactions in each account. It also has a unique feature of biometric authentication by the way of fingerprints, thereby mitigating the risk related to PIN (Personal Identification Number) in the rural scenario. ADs provide Customer interface with user-friendly menu options, enabling transactions. An authorized operator is enrolled by capturing the fingerprints of all the 10 fingers to mitigate fraud risk, can operate each AD. The transaction is recorded on the AD, which at specific intervals would be uploaded and updated in the Banks system through a normal telephone line, which is a widely available infrastructure even in remote rural areas. Further connectivity through GSM and CDA would also be made possible to ensure that the transaction details are updated in the Banks system at higher frequency. Multiple products ICICI Bank offers a complete suite of products and services to meet the individual financial requirements of customer segments. Savings, investments and insurance products are made available to its rural and agri customer base. The Bank also offers microfinance services to low-income households and crop loans, farm equipment loans, commodity based loans to farmers. Hybrid channels ICICI Bank employs delivery channels backed by technological innovations to achieve scale and outreach in a sustainable manner. The Banks channel architecture includes branch and non-branch channels. Branches act as a business hub providing banking services on the one hand, while facilitating the fulfilment of products that have been sourced by the business facilitators and business correspondents. Non-branch channels are of two types, business facilitators and business correspondents.